Course content will include 1) the generally accepted models, such as but not limited to: pharmacotherapy, mutual help and self-help, behavioral self-control training, mental health, self-regulating community, psychotherapeutic, trauma reparation, and relapse prevention; 2) discussion of the philosophy, practices, policies and outcomes of the most generally accepted therapeutic models; 3) how to utilize motivational enhancement therapy appropriate to the various stages of dependence, change, and recovery.